Interdependence

Multilateralism:

Working together or forming alliances for mutual benefits or common interests.

Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)

    About IGOs

  • Organizations formed by sovereign states working together on issues of mutual self-interest
  • Can be general purpose or have a narrow mandate focusing on a specific issue
  • States have a forum to discuss common interests, resolve disputes, and codify international rules
  • Examples: League of Nations, United Nations

    Purpose of IGOs

  • Facilitates Cooperation: Provides a framework for states to cooperate on issues of mutual interest (NATO, OPEC)
  • Establishing Rules and Norms: Create and enforce international laws and regulations (UNDHR, Law of the sea)
  • Platform for Negotiations and Resolutions: Forum for states to negotiate and resolve disputes peacefully (WTO for trade disputes)
  • Addressing global challenges that transcend state borders (Pandemics)
  • Influencing State Behaviour: Can exert pressure on states to comply with international norms and regulations through sanctions and other measures

    Limitations of IGOs

  • Crisis of legitimacy - may undermine the power/sovereignty of governments and the will of the people
  • Inequality and power dynamics - powerful states can use IGOS to advance their interests at the expense of other states (Veto power in the UN Security Council)
  • Often lack the power to enforce rulings, leading to states ignoring international agreements or resolutions

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

    About NGOs

  • Independent organizations that operate outside government control
  • Typically non-profit organizations
  • Examples: Save the Children, Amnesty International

    Focus of NGOs

  • Humanitarian issues (CARE Canada, Direct relief)
  • Environmental issues (Greenpeace)
  • Human rights (Human Rights Watch)

    Sources of Funding for NGOs

  • Individual donations
  • Corporate donations
  • Foundations grants
  • Government grants

    Purpose of NGOs

  • Raise awareness about global issues
  • Advocate for human rights and social justice
  • Implement aid and development projects
  • Provide expertise
  • Facilitate dialogue and participation